Insomnia is one of the most common complaints in primary care, and prescribing a sleep medication is often part of the conversation. But not all hypnotics work the same way, and not all carry the same risks. This guide breaks down the medications most often prescribed for sleep. Each entry covers how the drug works, typical dosing, black box warnings, side effects, dependence risk, and major interactions. It also includes guidance from AASM, the American Geriatrics Society and Beers Criteria, and ACOG where relevant. The goal is simple. Give patients a clear picture of what they’re taking, and give clinicians and trainees a fast, reliable reference for comparing options. Across nearly every entry, one point holds true. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia remains the most effective long-term treatment. Medication has a role, but it works best as part of a bigger plan, not the whole plan.