Introduction

Respiratory function is significantly altered by sleepPts with normal awake breathing can develop significant respiratory compromise in sleepAfter sleep onset, central motor neuron output fallsReduced upper airway dilator muscle function narrows the upper airwayReduced inspiratory muscle activity causes shallower breathing vs awake state Complicating factors: Obesity, Enlarged neck circumference, Upper airway obstruction (enlarged tonsils, adenoids,… Continue reading →

Non-Pharmacological Tx of Insomnia

Psych and behavioral tx are 1st line and gold standard AASM RecommendationsStandard tx: stimulus control, relaxation training, CBT-ISome support: sleep restriction, multicomponent tx without cognitive tx, paradoxical intention, biofeedbackNot recommended as stand-alone: sleep hygiene, imagery training, cognitive tx Stimulus Control: Effective monotherapy based on classical conditioningIn good sleepers, the bed/bedroom acts as a cue for… Continue reading →

How to Stop Snoring: What the Research Actually Supports

About 150 million people in the United States snore without having sleep apnea. That estimate comes from a 2024 randomized trial in JAMA Otolaryngology, and the same researchers pointed out something surprising. Very few studies have tested treatments for plain snoring, even though it affects so many people and their bed partners. That means a… Continue reading →

In adults using sound to help sleep, does continuous brown noise compared with white noise improve sleep onset, sleep continuity, sleep architecture, or perceived sleep quality?

Clinical Answer: No evidence shows brown noise is better than white noise for sleep. No published trial compares them head to head, and brown noise has not been studied directly. Evidence for any continuous broadband noise as a sleep aid is very low quality, and newer PSG data suggest broadband noise may reduce REM sleep…. Continue reading →

Consequences of Insomnia

Short Term ConsequencesFatigue and tirednessUnpleasant body sx, e.g. heavy eyesHypersensitivity to noise and lightMood disturbance: irritability, increased emotional reactivityNegative personal interactions with children, partnersReduced self-esteem, optimism and confidencePoor quality of lifePts often feel alone and misunderstoodCognitive disturbance: reduced attention, concentration and performance Long Term Consequences: Psychological HealthInsomnia is a risk factor for developing psych dz2x… Continue reading →